Hello! I am divya parmar And i am writting this blog to complete classroom task which is held by Dilip barad sir. In this blog i discuss about the the work,About the writer and then i cover the question answer section.
Tuesday, 29 March 2022
Waiting For Godot
Hello! I am Divya parmar and I am writting this blog to give response the thinking activity which is held by Dilip barad sir. In this blog first i give the introduction of work and writer and the genere of the work. And after that i discuss about the question and answer section which is the part of thinking activity.
👉 About the work "Waiting For Godot" :
Long Day's Journey Into Night
Hello! I am divya parmar and i am writting this blog to give response to thinking activity which is held by Yesha ma'am. In this blog first i disuss about the work, " Long Day's Journey Into Night" by EUGENE O'NEIL. Then i discus about the author and then i cover the thinking activity task.
👉About Eugene O'Neil :
Born October 16th, 1888, in New York City. Son of James O’Neill, the popular romantic actor. First seven years of my life spent mostly in hotels and railroad trains, my mother accompanying my father on his tours of the United States, although she never was an actress, disliked the theatre, and held aloof from its people. From the age of seven to thirteen attended Catholic schools. Then four years at a non-sectarian preparatory school, followed by one year (1906-1907) at Princeton University.
After expulsion from Princeton I led a restless, wandering life for several years, working at various occupations. Was secretary of a small mail order house in New York for a while, then went on a gold prospecting expedition in the wilds of Spanish Honduras. Found no gold but contracted malarial fever. Returned to the United States and worked for a time as assistant manager of a theatrical company on tour. After this, a period in which I went to sea, and also worked in Buenos Aires for the Westinghouse Electrical Co., Swift Packing Co., and Singer Sewing Machine Co. Never held a job long. Was either fired quickly or left quickly. Finished my experience as a sailor as able-bodied seaman on the American Line of transatlantic liners. After this, was an actor in vaudeville for a short time, and reporter on a small town newspaper. At the end of 1912 my health broke down and I spent six months in a tuberculosis sanatorium.
Began to write plays in the Fall of 1913. Wrote the one-act Bound East for Cardiff in the Spring of 1914. This is the only one of the plays written in this period which has any merit. In the Fall of 1914, I entered Harvard University to attend the course in dramatic technique given by Professor George Baker. I left after one year and did not complete the course.
The Fall of 1916 marked the first production of a play of mine in New York – Bound East for Cardiff – which was on the opening bill of the Provincetown Players. In the next few years this theatre put on nearly all of my short plays, but it was not until 1920 that a long play Beyond the Horizon was produced in New York. It was given on Broadway by a commercial management – but, at first, only as a special matinee attraction with four afternoon performances a week. However, some of the critics praised the play and it was soon given a theatre for a regular run, and later on in the year was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. I received this prize again in 1922 for Anna Christie and for the third time in 1928 for Strange Interlude.
The following is a list of all my published and produced plays which are worth mentioning, with the year in which they were written: Bound East for Cardiff (1914), Before Breakfast (1916), The Long Voyage Home (1917), In the Zone (1917), The Moon of the Carabbees (1917), Ile (1917), The Rope (1918), Beyond the Horizon (1918), The Dreamy Kid (1918), Where the Cross is Made (1918), The Straw (1919), Gold (1920), Anna Christie (1920), The Emperor Jones (1920), Different (1920), The First Man (1921), The Fountain (1921-22), The Hairy Ape (1921), Welded (1922), All God’s Chillun Got Wings (1923), Desire Under the Elms (1924), Marco Millions (1923-25), The Great God Brown (1925), Lazarus Laughed (1926), Strange Interlude (1926-27), Dynamo (1928), Mourning Becomes Electra (1929-31) , Ah, Wilderness (1932), Days Without End (1932-33).
👉 About the work : "Long day's journey into night"
Long Day's Journey into Night is a play in four acts written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1939–41, first published posthumously in 1956. The play is widely considered to be his magnum opus and one of the finest American plays of the 20th century. It premiered in Sweden in February 1956 and then opened on Broadway in November 1956, winning the Tony Award for Best Play. O'Neill posthumously received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for Long Day's Journey into Night. The work concerns the Tyrone family, consisting of parents James and Mary and their sons Edmund and Jamie. The "Long Day" refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day. The play is autobiographical.
👉 Long day's journey into night: Theme of of addiction
In Long Day's Journey Into Night, the Tyrone family's past and present have been so dire that normal coping mechanisms (family love, togetherness, etc.) can't keep up. So what do they turn to for relief? Alcohol and drugs. These forms of retreat might numb the pain, but they also bring their own problems – Mary's constant zoning out and Jamie's inability to hold down a job, to name two examples. There's also a vicious cycle involved in all of this: Mary takes drugs and the Tyrone men drink to escape, but they also feel bad about doing so, leading them to snipe at one another even more maliciously.
Saturday, 26 March 2022
Transcendentalism
⭐What is Transcendentalism?
Transcendentalism is an American literary, philosophical, religious, and political movement of the early nineteenth century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson. Other important transcendentalists were Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Lydia Maria Child, Amos Bronson Alcott, Frederic Henry Hedge, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, and Theodore Parker. Stimulated by English and German Romanticism, the Biblical criticism of Herder and Schleiermacher, and the skepticism of Hume, the transcendentalists operated with the sense that a new era was at hand. They were critics of their contemporary society for its unthinking conformity, and urged that each person find, in Emerson’s words, “an original relation to the universe”. Emerson and Thoreau sought this relation in solitude amidst nature, and in their writing. By the 1840s they, along with other transcendentalists, were engaged in the social experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden; and, by the 1850s in an increasingly urgent critique of American slavery. To read more click here
⭐ Question-Answer section :
1. Transcendentalist talks about individual's relation with nature. What is nature for you? Share your views.
answer:
In theory of transcendentalism we find three most important charactristics which are 1, Individualism 2, Idealism 3,Divinity of nature. Transcendentalist championed the idea of individualism and believed in the idea of self-reliance. They thought that individual entity is the spiritual center of the universe where the prime importance of individual presence on society is established to make progression and development. They critique the society and political aspects which destroy human mind and corrupt their souls. Hence, they believed in the independent of every individual and one should listen to their own mind and soul. The idea of individual's relation with nature is somewhere connected with the idea of romanticism. In romanticism there is all about return to nature and in this theory of Transcendentalism seems like to find peace in the nature. According to my point of view nature always make person happy. Nature gives us freedom to think in peace and nature keep person far from polution, population and cause of that person feel so free to think. In this busy world people faces so many problrms in their life and to spent time in nature make us free to those problems for some time.
2. Transcendentalism is an American philosophy that influenced american literature At length. can you find any indian/Rigional Literature or philosophy came up with such similar thought?
Answer:
Every country or field have a diffrent culture. And every culture have their diffrent rituals and rules. Also they have a diffrent theory, Philosophy and literature. Literature always became mirror of the society. In transcendentalism we can see that American influence. As we in theory of transcendentalism talked about purity of human mind, morals and truthness in behaviour is already there in human beings by born. We have philosophy of अहं ब्रह्मास्मि which is as same like Transcendentalism . Let's see the video to understand properly indian philosophy.
so this is my answer to the thinking activity.
Poems of W. B. YEATS
Hello readers! Thanks to visit my blog. This blog is response to the thinking activity which is held by dilip sir. In this blog I write about four question but along with that i also discuss about poet. W. B. YEAT'S poem " The Second Coming" and "On Being Asked For A War Poem" are the part of our syllebus and it written so many years ago but it seems to be written in our time, it seems like written in current situaton.
👉 About W. B. YEATS :
William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet, dramatist, writer and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival and became a pillar of the Irish literary establishment who helped to found the Abbey Theatre, and in his later years served two terms as a Senator of the Irish Free State.
A Protestant of Anglo-Irish descent, Yeats was born in Sandymount and was educated in Dublin and London and spent childhood holidays in County Sligo. He studied poetry from an early age, when he became fascinated by Irish legends and the occult. These topics feature in the first phase of his work, lasting roughly from his student days at the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin until the turn of the 20th century. His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889, and its slow-paced and lyrical poems display debts to Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley and the poets of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
From 1900 his poetry grew more physical, realistic and politicised. He moved away from the transcendental beliefs of his youth, though he remained preoccupied with some elements including cyclical theories of life. He had become the chief playwright for the Irish Literary Theatre in 1894, and early on promoted younger poets such as Ezra Pound. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923, his major works include 1928's The Tower and Words for Music Perhaps and Other Poems, published in 1932.
⭐ Question- Answer:
1. Pendamic reading of "The second coming".
Answer: "The Second Coming" is a poem written by Irish poet W. B. Yeats in 1919, first printed in The Dial in November 1920, and afterwards included in his 1921 collection of verses Michael Robartes and the Dancer. The poem uses Christian imagery regarding the Apocalypse and Second Coming to allegorically describe the atmosphere of post-war Europe. It is considered a major work of modernist poetry and has been reprinted in several collections, including The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry. To read original poem The poem was written in 1919 in the aftermath of the First World War and the beginning of the Irish War of Independence in January 1919, that followed the Easter Rising in April 1916, at a time before the British Government decided to send in the Black and Tans to Ireland. Yeats used the phrase "the second birth" instead of "the Second Coming" in his first drafts.
The poem is also connected to the 1918–1919 flu pandemic: In the weeks preceding Yeats's writing of the poem, his pregnant wife Georgie Hyde-Lees caught the virus and was very close to death. The highest death rates of the pandemic were among pregnant women—in some areas, they had up to a 70 percent death rate. While his wife was convalescing, he wrote "The Second Coming".
Apart from history in current time we are facing corona pendamic. The poem is like poem of corona pendamic. In second coming poem we found central theme that they are wishing for second coming of saviour or god. And if we see the poem as pendamic we can find one hindu mith, "जब जब धरती पे पाप बढ़ेगा, किसी न किसी रूपमें में आता रहूंगा" according this line we all are wishing God or Saviour when we are in trouble. In corona pendamic time the world suffer in various way. We are not getting even sufficient oxygen and medicine. So many people struggling still with economical issue. The corona pendamic time shows us the very bad time, all over the news of corona positive, and thousands number of deaths! The one corona virus became horrible monster which kills lakh number of people in just some time.
During that time people pray to god to save them, cause everything became out of our thinking. The situation goes above our hands.
2. Reread the poem "War poem" by replacing the word "war" with "Pendamic". Does it make any sense?
Answer: "On being asked for a War Poem" is a poem by William Butler Yeats written on February 6, 1915 in response to a request by Henry James that Yeats compose a political poem about World War I. Yeats changed the poem's title from "To a friend who has asked me to sign his manifesto to the neutral nations" to "A Reason for Keeping Silent" before sending it in a letter to James, which Yeats wrote at Coole Park on August 20, 1915. The poem was prefaced with a note stating: "It is the only thing I have written of the war or will write, so I hope it may not seem unfitting." The poem was first published in Edith Wharton's The Book of the Homeless in 1916 as "A Reason for Keeping Silent". When it was later reprinted in The Wild Swans at Coole, the title was changed to "On being asked for a War Poem".
If we reread the war poem with replacing word war with pendamic, ofcourse it make sense. We are facing any type of social, economical or health related issues we come to contact with so many things, problems, solutions and also we come to know reality of the world. The lines of the poem,
"I think it better that in times like these
A poet's mouth be silent, for in truth
We have no gift to set a statesman right;"
This lines shows the mirror of the society. That time may be people have faced same situation in society as today's man facing! In pendamic time we saw one incident of parul khkhar's poem! In literature we find lines that,"The duty of A real writer or poet is To draw world's real image by their words!" But it seems very good in books but not in real life. Whenever a poet or writer wrote about reality of politics, reality of social situations all the system try to suppress that writer or poet! So the line poet's mouth be silent, exacetly appropriate for pendamic situation.
3. Critical analysis of any other poem written by W. B. Yeats.
Answer: Hear i choose the poem "Prayer for my daughter" to To read original poem click hear so now read the critical analysis of the poem.
The poem ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’ opens with the image of the child sleeping in a cradle half hidden by its hood. The child sleeps innocently amidst the “howling storm” outside, but Yeats couldn’t settle down due to the storm inside. The storm howling symbolizes destruction mentioned by the poet in his ‘The Second Coming’. The wind bred in Atlantic has no obstacles except the estate of Lady Gregory, referring to the poet’s patroness, and a bare hill. The direct impact of the wind, meaning to the force of the outside world, especially on his daughter, worries the poet. Because of this great gloom he walked and prayed for his daughter to be protected from the physical storm outside and the political storm brewing across Ireland.
In the second stanza of ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’, Yeats worries about the future are further explained. He hears the sea screaming upon the tower, under the bridge and elms above the flooded stream. The onomatopoeia word “Scream” and the “flooded stream” symbolize the poet’s overwhelming anxiety for his daughter. Also, it refers to the great flood in the Bible. Due to his haunting fear, he imagines the future coming out of sea and dances to the frenzied drum, referring to war and bloodshed. In the last line, the poet employs paradox “murderous innocence” to contrast the world and his daughter, which also recalls the images of “blood-dimmed tide” in ‘The Second Coming’.
In stanza four of ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’, Yeats substantiates his view on how excessive beauty has always been a source of trouble and destruction. He turns to Helen in Greek mythology, considered to be the most beautiful woman on earth, brought the doom upon her, and many others. The image of Helen evokes another figure Aphrodite, who rose out of the spray. The union of Aphrodite with Hephaestus bandy-legged Smith brings to mind the Maud Gonne-McBride episode. It makes the poet wonder if the beautiful women eat something stupid for salad, that they make a stupid decision which brings misery forever. “The rich Horn of Plenty” is suggestive of courtesy, aristocracy, and ceremony, that is lost by those women who make stupid decisions.
In stanza five of ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’, the poet continues with what he wants his daughter to possess more than mere beauty. He wants his daughter to learn to be compassionate and kind. Many times, men who believed to love and loved by the beautiful women faced disappointment compared to those found love in the modest yet compassionate women. Moreover, he says modest and courteous people attract hearts than those with beauty, referring to his own marriage. Ultimately, he makes it clear that he wants his daughter to be an agreeable young woman than an arrogant beauty. In stanza six of ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’, Yeats continues to talk about his hopes and expectations for his daughter. As she grew up, he wants her to be happy and content. He wants her to become “a flourishing hidden tree” and her thoughts like a “linnet” referring to its innocence and cheerfulness. Like a linnet, he wants her to be satisfied in herself, and infect others with her happiness. Further, he wants her to live like a “laurel” rooted in a particular place. The poet reveals his wish on his daughter being rooted in the tradition.
Yeats continues to talk about self-contentment women in stanza seven of ‘A prayer for my daughter’. He believes that kind, self-contained, traditionally rooted women are incorruptible. The poet considers hatred to be the cause of all evil and prays that her to be left off that evil. Further, he believes that a soul free from hatred will preserve its innocence and hatred. Just as the storm outside can’t tear leaves from sturdy trees, turmoil and war can’t break a strong woman. In stanza eight of ‘A prayer for my daughter’, the poet implores his daughter to shun passion and wild feelings that he considered as the weakness of beautiful women. She must be temperate because people who love deeply, could hate deeply too. Hate destroys people and makes them do cruel things, especially intellectual hatred which is worst of all kinds. The poet reflects upon his emotional state when Maud Gonne rejected him to marry John Macbride. He wants his daughter to experience neither the disappointment nor hatred.
The ninth stanza continues to describe the impact of hatred and the benefit of staying away from hatred. Once hatred is driven out, the soul could recover its innocence. Then the soul would be free to explore and find that it is “self-delighting”, “Self-appeasing” and “self-affrighting”. According to the poet, the ideal woman makes everyone happy and comfortable, despite all storms of misfortunes that come in her way. She is a stronghold for people around her and her will would be that of heavens, for she has a clear mind. In the last stanza of ‘A Prayer for my Daughter’, the poet expresses his final wish. He prays that his daughter to be married to a good husband who takes her to a home with aristocratic values and traditions. There, he believes that neither arrogance nor hatred of common folks could be found, but morality and purity. Further, the poet does not want her to live a decadent life. He concludes by stating that his daughter would be rooted in spiritual values like a ‘laurel tree’.
4. Apply concepts of Indian poetics and re-read both the poems.
Answer: In poem "on Being asked for war poem" we find dhavani theory from Indian poetics. Hear I find lakshana dhavani. Lakshana dhavani means Alamkara Dhavani : some figure of speech suggested. Hear we can said reading between lines or Do another reading with symbols.
The Great Gastby
Hello! I am divya parmar. This blog is the response to the thinking activity which is held by dilip barad sir. We studied the novel "The Great Gastby" For better understanding we watched movie upon novel. After watching movie sir give us the thinking activity. So in this blog i cover question but along with that i give some information about writer, novel and then questions of the movie.
👉About the novel : The Great Gsatby
The Great Gatsby, third novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1925 by Charles Scribner’s Sons. Set in Jazz Age New York, the novel tells the tragic story of Jay Gatsby, a self-made millionaire, and his pursuit of Daisy Buchanan, a wealthy young woman whom he loved in his youth. Unsuccessful upon publication, the book is now considered a classic of American fiction and has often been called the Great American Novel. To read more about novel click hear
👉 About the writer :
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American novelist, essayist, short story writer and screenwriter. He was best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age—a term he popularized. During his lifetime, he published four novels, four story collections, and 164 short stories. Although he achieved temporary popular success and fortune in the 1920s, Fitzgerald received critical acclaim only after his death and is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.
Born into a middle-class family in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald was raised primarily in New York state. He attended Princeton University where he befriended future literary critic Edmund Wilson. Owing to a failed romantic relationship with Chicago socialite Ginevra King, he dropped out in 1917 to join the United States Army during World War I. While stationed in Alabama, he met Zelda Sayre, a Southern debutante who belonged to Montgomery's exclusive country-club set. Although she initially rejected Fitzgerald's marriage proposal due to his lack of financial prospects, Zelda agreed to marry him after he published the commercially successful This Side of Paradise (1920). The novel became a cultural sensation and cemented his reputation as one of the eminent writers of the decade. To read more about writer you can visit the wikipidia page.
👉 About the movie "The Great Gastby" :
The Great Gatsby is a 2013 historical romantic drama film based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel of the same name. The film was co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton, Isla Fisher, Jason Clarke, and Elizabeth Debicki. Jay-Z served as executive producer. Filming took place from September to December 2011 in Australia, with a $105 million net production budget. The film follows the life and times of millionaire Jay Gatsby (DiCaprio) and his neighbor Nick Carraway (Maguire), who recounts his encounter with Gatsby at the height of the Roaring Twenties on Long Island.
The film was highly polarizing among critics; it received both praise and criticism for its acting performances, soundtrack, visual style, direction, and faithfulness to the source material. Audiences responded more positively and Fitzgerald's granddaughter praised the film, stating "Scott would have been proud." As of 2017, it is Luhrmann's highest-grossing film, grossing over $353 million worldwide. At the 86th Academy Awards, the film won in both of its nominated categories: Best Production Design and Best Costume Design.
👉Question- Answer :
1. How the film capture the Jazz Age - the roaring twenties of thr american in 1920s?
Answer:
The novel "Great Gastby" covers the Jazz age as the roaring twenties. The 1920s looms large in the public's popular imagination as a glamorous era of technological Changes and widespread prosperity. Bookended by two world wars and the great depression, the period during the 20s was on oasis of calm wedged between a series of global calamities. More relaxed social attitudes made the 20s a grand time to party. While economic growth during this era was ultimately built on sand and decade would end in disaster. The 20s reputation as a golden time for art, literature, and music is well deserved. The “Roaring Twenties”—a term that characterizes the distinct cultural tone of the 1920s, principally in American cities, but also in Berlin and Paris—was a period of social, artistic, cultural, and economic dynamism. It was not until the Wall Street crash of 1929 that this remarkable era ended and the Great Depression spread worldwide. The novel also captures the jazz music of thr age, grand rich parties of the age, Buisness of the age, Life style of the both class poor class as well as rich class etc.
From the publication of his 1922 collection, Tales of the Jazz Age, and beyond, F. Scott Fitzgerald has been inextricably linked to jazz. Indeed, Fitzgerald is even widely believed to have coined the term “Jazz Age,” and although the phrase predated Fitzgerald’s book, his usage unquestionably boosted its popularity immensely. The presence of jazz in his other works, perhaps most ironically in his grand novel The Great Gatsby, linked the term even more tightly to his name. Today, the moniker “Jazz Age” has come to signify, as a kind of evocative shorthand, the 1920s in both academic and pop culture. Because jazz’s lineage—difficult as it is to pin down—was tightly bound up with African-American performance, the music often came to signify black American cultural production, and so, whenever Fitzgerald invoked jazz, he was often, simultaneously, invoking blackness. Yet The Great Gatsby’s usage of jazz is complicated, as Fitzgerald was simultaneously a proponent of the then-new, race-crossing music and a writer prone to resorting to racial stereotypes when black characters appeared—a combination that, unfortunately, was far from uncommon in Fitzgerald’s day.
“It was an age of miracles, it was an age of art, it was an age of excess, and it was an age of satire,” Fitzgerald famously wrote of the 1920s in a 1931 essay, “Echoes of the Jazz Age.” In his mind, the decade defied any rigid definition, but what perhaps characterized it best was the jazz music he so frequently alluded to in his own writing. In Fitzgerald’s most popular novel, The Great Gatsby, jazz appears as constant background music. In the contemporary phenomenon of “Gatsby parties”—festivities intended to capture the air of the titular Jay Gatsby’s famously lavish, bacchanalian parties—jazz is de rigueur to evoke the 1920s.
2. how did the film help in understanding the characters of the novel ?
Answer:
In novel we can find that the character nick carreaway narrating the story but in movie thogh the same dailogues but characters are performing very diffrently. And also it is said that visual things are more effectively woeks. So by the novel we can only read discription of the situation but by the movie we able to see the around situation of the character and incidents. Which is really helps us to understand characters and each situation.
3. How did the film help in understanding the symbolic significance of "The vally of ashes", " The eyes of dr, T J Eckleberg" and "The green light?"
Answer:
1. The vally of ashes: In movie we can see the diffrence between uper class life style and lower class life style. In the movie they are moving one place to another place and in between they passing through the valley of ashes.
Thursday, 17 March 2022
Breath
Hello! I am divya parmar. This blog is response to thinking activity which is held by Dilip sir. In this blog i discuss about Samuel Buckett's play "Breath". to complete this task i have prepared one video and from that one absurd video i give meaning from that.
👉 Breath by Samual Buckett:
Breath is a notably short stage work by Samuel Beckett. An altered version was first included in Kenneth Tynan's revue Oh! Calcutta!, at the Eden Theatre in New York City on 16 June 1969. The UK premiere was at the Close Theatre Club in Glasgow in October 1969; this was the first performance of the text as written. The second performance, and the English premiere, was at a benefit held at the Oxford Playhouse on March 8, 1970. “The first accurate publication appeared in Gambit 4.16 (1969): with a manuscript facsimile.”
👉My video:
By this video I want to put messege that "There is always one ugly side behind Beautiful one" so In breath absurd drama there is a medical westage spread aroumd and we listen one deep horrible sound arond. In my video i shoot salon westage! In today's time artificial beauty which is created by salons, beauti parlor and etc. became so important. The place where people went to beautify their self, that place it self seems very ugly or dirty. Our attention always cover by beautiful side and beautyful frames and we often missed behind one!
Monday, 14 March 2022
Moovie Screening : Vita Virginia
👉 Hello! I am Divya parmar. This blog is responce to the movie screening task given by Vaidehi ma'am. This blog is about Virginia woolf's life, an incident that turns out to be a novel of hers "Orlando: A Biography". In this blog first i give introduction about Orlando and after that i discuss about the movie "Vita and Virginia". then after i cover the question- answer section as a part of post-view task.
👉 Introduction of Orlando:
Orlando: A Biography is a novel by Virginia Woolf, first published on 11 October 1928. Inspired by the tumultuous family history of the aristocratic poet and novelist Vita Sackville-West, Woolf's lover and close friend, it is arguably one of her most popular novels; Orlando is a history of English literature in satiric form. The book describes the adventures of a poet who changes sex from man to woman and lives for centuries, meeting the key figures of English literary history. Considered a feminist classic, the book has been written about extensively by scholars of women's writing and gender and transgender studies.
The novel has been adapted a number of times. In 1989, director Robert Wilson and writer Darryl Pinckney collaborated on a single-actor theatrical production. This had its British premiere at the Edinburgh Festival in 1996, with Miranda Richardson playing the title role; Isabelle Huppert performed in the version in French, which opened at the Théâtre Vidy-Lausanne in Lausanne (Switzerland) in 1993. A film adaptation by Sally Potter, simply titled Orlando, was released in 1992, starring Tilda Swinton in the title role. A stage adaption by Sarah Ruhl premiered in New York City in 2010, and the novel was also adapted into operatic works.
👉About movie:
About movie "Vita and Virginia":
Vita & Virginia is a 2018 biographical romantic drama film directed by Chanya Button. The screenplay, written by Button and Eileen Atkins, is adapted from the 1992 play Vita & Virginia by Atkins. The film stars Gemma Arterton, Elizabeth Debicki, and Isabella Rossellini. Set in the 1920s, Vita & Virginia tells the story of the love affair between Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf.
The film had its world premiere as a Special Presentation at the Toronto International Film Festival on 11 September 2018. It was released in the United Kingdom on 5 July 2019, and in the United States on 23 August 2019.
👉 Question - Answer Section :
1. How far do you feel that orlando is influenced by Vita and Virginia's love affair? Does it talk only about that or do you find anything else too?
Answer: When we study any work of literature we can see that always age, society and human psychology, thinking and the rituals which made by society are always reflects in that piece of literature. Any work of literature always a reflection of that time when it is written. So in this work orlando when we see and try to connect with historical dots, We find that the story of orlando and life of Virginia is somewhere connected. Also when we read both's biography it is somewhere same as they already merried but both have affair with same sex. And vita's relationship with Virginia Woolf is celebreted in woolf's novel. It was time where same sex relationship is not as openly acceptable by society. But when we see this both who were very openly about their relationship. Thia thing is very noticable. When we talk about love we cant give any perameters that love to whom, when and how? It is always about individual choice.
2. Who do you think is confused about their identity Vita or Virginia? Explain with illustrations.
Answer: When we look upon the biography of both Vita and Virginia we find that they both were confused about their identity. They both were merried but they can't explor their mind set. Vita have her view that she can not stay with one person or one relationship.
3. What is society's thought about women and identity? Will you like to give any message to society.
Answer: In today's time everyone suffers with this word "Identity". If we talked about women identity we find one believe of world! By the birth women have to follow to rituals and rules which decide by society. Everyone have the identity as human being but the world gives us the diffrent rules to follow. Education and the thought of equality make some changes but womens always suffers from this word identity. The whole life we are in proces of search of self. We can see that how society treats male child and female child. Girls have to take care of the fame of the family. I just want to give messege to the society that,
" If you think of equality just chenge your point of view! Male and Female both are human and accept them as human being."
4. Write a note on the direction of the movie, which symbol and space caught your attention while watching the movie?
Answer: when we see the movie "Vita and Virginia" on netflix. the scene when i see the lips movement of vita while she is speaking. May be there she is telling or discribing her story but i noticed and connected one more metaphor and that is "Freedom to speak". The movie shows us the love between same sex or same gender but It is not new in today's time but when it written there is no acceptence of love between same sex. The both women come and openly accept their love for eachother and specially both were merried!
Sunday, 13 March 2022
Existentialism
Hello! I am divya parmar. This blog is the response to the flipped learning activity given by dilip sir. In this blog first i write about my thoughts on video lectures and then i write about video 3 which I like the most. then i cover points like learning outcome from videos, my question and feedback of the flipped learning. To know more about the task click hear to jump on the blog task
➡️ What is Existentialism?
➡️ Learning outcome from videos:
👉 From video : 1
In first video we introduced to this five existentialist:
1. Soren Kierkegaard
2. Martin Heideggar
3. Jean Paul Sartre
4. Albert Camus
5. Friedrich Nietzsche
6. Simon De Beauvoir
So in first video we can get sense that individuality, passions and freedom this three aspects are connected as triangle. The another thing I noticed in video is "God is possible after thinking as an individual". When the community or people feels absurd they taken easy way out from that as worshipping to God. According Albert Camus 'To believe in God is considered philosophy called suicide.'
Existentialism is mainly popular among young people mainly because it touches on subjects with related to youth and their identity.
👉 From video:2 The myth of Sisyphus:
In this video we find discussion about Absurd Reasoning. In this essay Albert Camus draw our attention with this lines,
"There is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide."
In this video we come to know that if our life is filled with despair and absurdity and we see that something deprived of all meaning, we might consider to commit suicide. According to Camus suicide is an individual act. The person if find difficulty like in between individual thought and life and they choses suicide. This situation is prepared as the silence of heart. As is a great work of art.
In the second video we find another line, "Beginning to think is beginning to be undermined" means when you Start thinking and you haven't get sense out of that thinking you find absurdity. If a healthy man having thought of their own suicide, it can be seen without further explanation that there is direct connection between this feeling and the longing for death. Once we start feeling of absurdity we might gone through questions like hope or suicide? Camus also tell that the absurdity of life is not meaning to suicide. the life is not only worth living.
👉 From video: 3
"Absurd is neither in man not in the world, it can only occur in their presence together - man and the world"
The world is irrational and we need a human being for this irretionality to be conceived. If there were no human beings then there wouldn't be any desires or in particular the human nostalgia to be satisfied.
"There can be no absurd outside the human mind and the absurd ends with death" Like everything else the absurd ends with death. When we want to escape from absurdity and we commited suicide by physically and if we escape by philosophically called philosophical suicide. we started feeling Absurd when we find this three problem,
- A total absence of hope : despair
- A continual rejection : renunciation
- Conscious dissatisfaction: immature unrest
Camus was the part of the movement but he don't like some things to be as existentialist. According to him "I am taking the liberty at this point of calling the restrictions attitude philosophical suicide". Such behaviour towards the absurd is what Camus calls the leap. For Kierkegaard faith is a solution to get rid from absurdity. He said "Faith is the objective uncertainty with the repulsion of the absurd." So, This is how Camus differs from other existentialist who believe that believe in God itself is a philosophical suicide.
From all the videos I like third video .
- Questions:
1. question from :3rd video- The escapism by the absurd called philosophical suiside. Then if we escaping from such situations where truths become questions then that escapism can called philosophical suiside?
2. how can we connect theory of existentialism with dadaism ?
3. there is lines "there can be no absurd outside the human mind" then how can we give consider it as philosophical suiside?
4. if we study existentialism some questions regarding truth are come in our mind and we search for some answer but if we can't any sense out of that then is it called philosophical suiside?
5. In first video there is a line " Believe in God is as philosophical suiside" so can we put faith in God as philosophical suiside?
Word count: 825
Saturday, 12 March 2022
IAR Pracricle criticism
Hello! I am divya parmar. This blog is responece to the thinking activity which is given by Dr. Dilip barad sir. This blog is based on Reading selectine poem and analyze from the refference of I.A.RICHARD'S "pracricle criticism". In this blog first i discuss about the I.A,RICHARDS and then i discuss about his essay "practicle criticism" after that i write about the first impression of the poem.
👉⃣⃣About I.A.RICHARDS:
Ivor Armstrong Richards CH (26 February 1893 – 7 September 1979), known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician. His work contributed to the foundations of the New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained and self-referential æsthetic object.
Richards' intellectual contributions to the establishment of the literary methodology of the New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism (1923), by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism (1924), Practical Criticism (1929), and The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936).
👉About the essay "practicle criticism" ;
Practical criticism is, like the formal study of English literature itself, a relatively young discipline. It began in the 1920s with a series of experiments by the Cambridge critic I.A. Richards. He gave poems to students without any information about who wrote them or when they were written. In Practical Criticism of 1929 he reported on and analysed the results of his experiments. The objective of his work was to encourage students to concentrate on 'the words on the page', rather than relying on preconceived or received beliefs about a text. For Richards this form of close analysis of anonymous poems was ultimately intended to have psychological benefits for the students: by responding to all the currents of emotion and meaning in the poems and passages of prose which they read the students were to achieve what Richards called an 'organised response'. This meant that they would clarify the various currents of thought in the poem and achieve a corresponding clarification of their own emotions.
In the work of Richards' most influential student, William Empson, practical criticism provided the basis for an entire critical method. In Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930) Empson developed his undergraduate essays for Richards into a study of the complex and multiple meanings of poems. His work had a profound impact on a critical movement known as the 'New Criticism', the exponents of which tended to see poems as elaborate structures of complex meanings. New Critics would usually pay relatively little attention to the historical setting of the works which they analysed, treating literature as a sphere of activity of its own. In the work of F.R. Leavis the close analysis of texts became a moral activity, in which a critic would bring the whole of his sensibility to bear on a literary text and test its sincerity and moral seriousness.
👉 The first reading of the poem :
5. A MYSTERIOUS MARRIAGE
Once upon a time
A boy and girl were
Forced to leave their home
By armed robbers.
The boy was Independence
The girl was Freedom.
While fighting back, they got married.
After the big war they went back home.
Everybody prepared for the wedding.
Drinks and food abounded,
Even the disabled felt able.
The whole village gathered waiting,
Freedom and Independence
Were more popular than Jesus.
Independence came
But Freedom was not there.
An old woman saw Freedom’s shadow passing
Through the crowd, leaving by the gate.
All the same, they celebrated Independence.
Independence is now a senior bachelor.
Some people still talk about him,
Others take no notice.
A lot still say it was a fake marriage.
You can’t be a husband without a wife.
Fruitless and barren, Independence staggers to old age.
Leaving her shadow behind,
Freedom has never returned.
As per my rollnumber i have to analyze 5th number of poem. So hear i wrote about thr first impression of the poem at first sight. The very first line shows the two characters the girl and the boy. So at first impression we might get idea that this poem is about girl and boy. One boy girl are forced to leaved the house by some armed robbers. But the next line make new way towards meaning cause the line says the boy is indipendence and the girl was freedom.After reading next second line we realise that threr is thing about indipendence and freedom.
They do fighting to back or reaturn at home. At first look we find the poem is about war. But the discription about war, marrige between indepence and freedom, gathering of villege people, the envioement of celebration etc. shows that something about war, in that war about victory and celebration.The line "Freedom and independence more popular than jesus." I get the meaning that the around enviromnt of war and people curiously waiting for freedom and independence. People want bake both freedom and and independence both together but the lines of the poem tells that frrdom never back. this lines " the old woman shaw the shadow of freedom" draw our mind in direction of real meaning of independence and freedom. we can get independence after war but what about freedom? Freedom is the individual way to living life but really we get that? by this lines i can feel that the poem is also about the politician or govermeny and any other power.
👉 Conclusion : This is the first impression of poem in my mind. It is appropriate readind or not that i don't know but after reading the poem i get this type of meaning out of that. thanks to visit my blog .
Archetypal criticism
Hello I am divya parmar. This blog is response to the thinking activity which is given by dilip barad sir. In this blog first i give brief information about archetypal criticism and Northrop tyre. Then i cover the question and answer section.
👉 what is Architypal criticism?
Archetypal criticism argues that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works, that a text's meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myths. Archetypes are the unknowable basic forms personified or concretized in recurring images, symbols, or patterns which may include motifs such as the quest or the heavenly ascent, recognizable character types such as the trickster or the hero, symbols such as the apple or snake, or images such as crucifixion (as in King Kong, or Bride of Frankenstein)--all laden with meaning already when employed in a particular work. Archetypal criticism gets its impetus from psychologist Carl Jung, who postulated that humankind has a "collective unconscious," a kind of universal psyche, which is manifested in dreams and myths and which harbors themes and images that we all inherit. Literature, therefore, imitates not the world but rather the "total dream of humankind." Jung called mythology "the textbook of the archetypes".
Archetypal critics find New Criticism too atomistic in ignoring intertextual elements and in approaching the text as if it existed in a vacuum. After all, we recognize story patterns and symbolic associations at least from other texts we have read, if not innately; we know how to form assumptions and expectations from encounters with black hats, springtime settings, evil stepmothers, and so forth. So surely meaning cannot exist solely on the page of a work, nor can that work be treated as an independent entity.
Archetypal images and story patterns encourage readers (and viewers of films and advertisements) to participate ritualistically in basic beliefs, fears, and anxieties of their age. These archetypal features not only constitute the intelligibility of the text but also tap into a level of desires and anxieties of humankind.
At mid-century, Canadian critic Northrop Frye (1912-91) introduced new distinctions in literary criticism between myth and archetype. For Frye, as William K. Wimsatt and Cleanth Brooks put it, “archetype, borrowed from Jung, means a primordial image, a part of the collective unconscious, the psychic residue of numberless experiences of the same kind, and thus part of the inherited response-pattern of the race”.
➡️ Question- answer:
1. What is Architypal criticism? What does Architypal critic do ?
👉Answer: As we read the above paragraphs about what is archetypal criticism. So the archetypal critics have to criticise work with Symbol, character and image related to Archetypal theories. Every symbol, every image and character have told another story or they point out towards something hidden from our eyes. Archetype denotes recurrent narrative designs, patterns of action, character types, themes and images which are identifiable in a wide variety of works of literature, as well as in myths, dreams and even social rituals. Such recurrent items result from elemental and universal patterns in the human psyche. So according to this critics have to judge the works.
2. What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?
➡️ Answer: Archetypal criticism is related to the symbol, images and characters which is played role in any literary works. So the symbol can be as nature or any thing from ancient texts also. In this Frye compare both Physics to Nature and Criticism to Literature. Physics is a deep study of Nature but it called physics, not Nature though it is based on Nature only it called physics. In the same manner, In the literature, we are not learning the literature but we learn to understand literature, how to read and how to criticise literature so we are not Learn literature but criticise literature. So it is the criticism of literature. So Literature is equal to Nature and Physics is equal to Criticism.
3. Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.
➡️ Answer: As we read about literature, it is the mirror of society. Literature is always deals with history and philosophy. Philosophy is about existence and it progressively moves on, its ideas never stopped. Northrop Frye says that without reasoning and thinking to jump on any type of conclusion is not valid to process. Literature is serious of past or history. Every work of literature which is written with reference of present, it become series of history after some time.
4. Briefly explain the inductive method with an illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene. explain Deductive Method with reference to an analogy to music, painting, rhythm and pattern. Give an example of the outcome of the Deductive Method.
👉 Answer: when we were studying archetypal criticism we have see one seen from hamlet movie. So this is inductive method : 1. Death and birth both as normal rule of life . Both grave digger become happy if someone dies, they get work dig to grave. They get money and that's why death can be seen as normal. 2. The role of archetypal hero: ready to die for his beloved.
Diductive Method can be as analogy of music and paintings rhythm and patterns. Art and literature always the outcome of human life and experience. Music relate with rhythme and paintings with images. We can not under just by listen or watch. We can only connect thrue in imagination and experience some images and words.
5. Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.
👉 Answer:
so, This is cycle of seasons which connected to human life. According to essay of Northrop fyre, summer symbolises romance, winter symbolises irony and satire, spring symbolises comedy, Autumn for tragedy.
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