Hello! I am divya parmar. Hear I am writing blog for give review on one hindi play which is based on Victorian novel "Hard Times" by Charles Dickens. In thses blog first I write about introduction or background of the novel and then I write about summary, After that I give review of hindi play which is based on novel.
" Hard Times : for these times" is the tenth novel by Charles Dickens. It was first published in 1854. The book surveys English society and satirises the social and economic conditions of the era. The novel covers themes like Utilitarianism, Fact vs Fancy, Officiousness and spying and Morality.
➡️ SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF VICTORIAN LITERATURE OR SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AGE: s
-class devision: upper class, middle class and lower class
The Victorian Era in Britain was dominated by the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). Although it was a peaceful and prosperous time, there were still issues within the social structure. The social classes of this era included the Upper class, Middle class, and lower class. Those who were fortunate enough to be in the Upper class did not usually perform manual labor. Instead, they were landowners and hired lower class workers to work for them, or made investments to create a profit. This class was divided into three subcategories: Royal, those who came from a royal family, Middle Upper, important officers and lords, and Lower Upper, wealthy men and business owners. we can find more characteristics like,
- capitalism
- industrialism
- democracy
- social unrest
- the ideal of peace
➡️ SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL :
Hard Times is an 1854 novel by English author Charles Dickens. Taking place in three parts named after a Biblical verse, “Sowing,” “Reaping,” and “Garnering,” it satirizes English society by picking apart the social and economic ironies of its contemporary life. The novel takes place in a fictional industrial town in Northern England called Coketown, modeled partially on Manchester. The novel is best known for its pessimism regarding the state of trade unions and the exploitation of the working class by capitalist elites.
Book 1, “Sowing,” begins from the point of view of school superintendent Mr. Gradgrind. An exacting educator, he interrogates a student named Sissy, revealing his inclination to punish students who are unable to speak strictly in facts. His two sons are named after famous thinkers, Malthus and Adam Smith, and his daughter is named Jane. Gradgrind’s friend Josiah Bounderby is a rich mill owner who constantly reflects on the fruits of his difficult childhood and unshakable entrepreneurial spirit. The two convene and decide to expel Sissy because they think she is disrupting the school. However, they learn that her father has orphaned her in the belief that she might lead a better life without his influence. Mr. Gradgrind offers Sissy, who wants to join the circus, a chance to return to school to work for his wife. She decides on school in the hope that she will find her father again.
Other characters important to the novel include Stephen Blackpool, a mill worker who struggles with a marriage to an alcoholic wife whom he cannot leave; and Mrs. Sparsit, the assistant to Bounderby who rebuffs Blackpool’s appeal to Gradgrind for advice. Louisa is proposed to by Bounderby and ambivalently accepts. Her brother Tom arrives to say farewell as she leaves for Lyon.
"Reaping” begins at Bounderby’s bank in the middle of Coketown. One of Sissy’s classmates, Bitzer, has teamed up with Mrs. Sparsit to watch over it after dark. A man appears and asks for the way to Bounderby’s, claiming he has come from London at the request of Gradgrind. He introduces himself as James Harthouse. Harthouse meets Bounderby who tries to impress him with absurd stories about his youth, boring him. However, he is infatuated with Louisa, whose brother Tom now works under Bounderby.
Later, a union meeting assembles where the activist Slackridge announces that Blackpool is a traitor for refusing to be part of the union. Bounderby scapegoats Blackpool for the uproar, firing him. Louisa and Tom meet Blackpool, giving him pity money, while Tom asks him to meet him at the bank after his shift. As he does, a robbery occurs in the bank; Blackpool is accused of being the criminal. Meanwhile, Mrs. Sparsit is suspicious of the relationship between Louisa and Harthouse, believing it is adulterous. She follows Louisa on her way to her father’s home but loses her. Louisa faints at her father’s doorstep after an incoherent statement about her repressed emotions.
“Garnering” begins at Bounderby’s London hotel. Mrs. Sparsit informs him of her mistaken finding that Louisa and Harthouse are lovers. Bounderby goes with her to Louisa’s residence at Stone Lodge, where Gradgrind insists that Louisa is not in love with Harthouse, and had merely fainted after a personal crisis. Bounderby grows angry with Mrs. Sparsit, delivering an ultimatum that Louisa return immediately lest he calls off the marriage. Louisa ignores his demand. Sissy tells Harthouse to leave Coketown forever, while Bounderby suspects that Louise and Tom are plotting against him.
One Sunday, Sissy and Rachael come upon Stephen trapped in a pit, having fallen into it on the way to Coketown. A group of locals pulls him out, but he dies after stating his innocence. The two women now suspect Tom of robbing the bank and framing Stephen. Sissy regrets having helped Tom escape to the circus. They go there and find him wearing blackface. Gradgrind appears, working with the circus owner, Sleary, to help Tom escape to Liverpool, from where he will leave the country. Blitzer valiantly arrives, throwing off the plot in an attempt to arrest Tom, inadvertently allowing Tom to escape.
At the end of the novel, Bounderby fires Mrs. Sparsit for her many mistakes. The narrator projects into the characters’ future lives, stating that Bounderby will die on the street of an unknown affliction. Mr. Gradgrind will become a political outcast, Tom will perish in America after apologizing to Louisa. Louisa never marries again; she will live a life of charity and kindness, and will have a happy and imaginative life with Sissy’s children. Hard Times, though almost all of its many characters face despair, suggests that the actions of individuals deeply affect even the distant futures of their lives.
➡️ REVIEW OF HINDI PLAY WHICH IS BASED ON NOVEL HARD TIMES :
- They tells novel's background by talking eachother
Drama starts with the discussion about play by chorus. where he gives information about the play. The play which is based on Charles Dickens novel Hard Times, is performing by khilona theatre for childran. it is a very good musical adaptation of novel. In chorus talking one person ask that, " sar why we performing these old novel for play ? " In replay of that chorus informs him that "whatever story or novel is old or new, all the stories are imaginative." In the context of that they give message that in every story there is deep meaning or morals hiding and by the imagination and mind Power, audience can imagine that.
chorus tells the setting of the novel. where he said that , "The city which is known as coketown, that city is also imaginative" there is song performance by all performers. the song tells the situation or social background of the Victorian age or industrial background of 18th century.song's lyrics are.......
कमाल की कहानी है ! ये है तो बड़ी पुरानी जी....
पर गौर से जो देखेंगे तो साफ नजर आयेगी,
सच्चाई इसमें आज कि......
छू न जाए बात जो आज की,
तो जो चाहे सो कहेना जी।
तो Charles Dickens की तरह हम क्यों ना करे कल्पना?
coketown जैसे एक शहेर की,
रोज जिसके आसमान में साफ साफ दिखता है ये धुआ!
धुआ क़ाला हर मौसम में,
रंग जहा की नदी के निर्मल पानी का भी हो चुका है बैंगनी!
युग मशीनों कारखानों का जमाना यू समझो की आ चुका है।
materialism पैर अपने अच्छी तरह जमा चुका है।
हर व्यापारी नेता को ये खेल समझ में आ चुका है,
आए हो इस दुनिया में तो काम करो कुछ ऐसा......
हाथोंहाथ माल बिके अच्छे खासे दाम मिले,
ताकि और ज्यादा हो मुनाफा।
emotion, imagination या compassion से भी कभी पेट भरता है क्या?
इनके बदले paund या dollar किसीको मिलता है क्या?
इसी लिए तो नज़र में उनकी करुणा और सहानुभूति या किसी से हमदर्दी है बेकार की चीजें.....
चीज़े है ये बेकार की।
कमाल की कहानी है ये! है तो बड़ी पुरानी जी...
After that we can see how Mr gradgriend gives importance to fact. But at the end he himself regretted about his own lession of fact for the life.
- chorus's discussion about three parts of novel
After every scene chorus comes and, in talking way give information about Next seen and general information about work. After one scene corus gives information about novel which is divided in three parts: 1 sowing,
2 reaping, 3 garnering.
After that we can see the circus scene, incident of Cecilia's father escapes, mr.gradgriend take Cecilia with him. Cecelia wants to wait for his father. But lewisia ask her to why? And to answer her, Cecelia sing A song of her imagination of Happy ending. In play we can see the reality that owners of miles called labour to hands.
At the end we can conclude that every scene and every character portrayed very well. Scenes like Lousia and mr. bounder by's marrige, mrs,pagler visit to see mr. bounded by and story reach at climax, ms.sparsit's spy on every character, Tom's planning to rub the bank, all crimes goes on head of stehan Blackpool etc... And the most important scene is portray very well. where mr, gradgriend feel very regretted about to fail in life's lession of fact. He accepts that his definition of fact to live life is totally wrong.
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