Cultural Studies

Hello! I am divya parmar. I am writing this blog to complete task which is given by dilip sir 

Sultana's Reality

 Hello ! I am divya parmar. This blog is the answer of the several question which is given by yesha ma'am to complete the class activity. So lets look upon the brief introduction of sultana's reality.

Sultana's Dream was originally published in The Indian Ladies' Magazine, Madras, 1905, in English. This edition is transcribed from Sultana's dream; and Padmarag: two feminist utopias by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain; translated with an introduction by Barnita Bagchi. New Delhi (India) : Penguin, 2005.  

Who is begam Rokeya sakhawat Hossain?

Date of Birth: 1880

Date of Death: 1932

Hossain, Roquiah Sakhawat litterateur, educationist, and social reformer, who played a pioneering role in awakening Muslim women, was born on 9 December 1880 into a landed family of Pairaband in rangpur. Zahiruddin Abu Ali Haider Saber was her father and Rahatunnesa Chowdhury, her mother. Her ancestors served in military and judiciary departments during the Mughal regime. Named Roquiah Khatun, she is commonly known as Begum Rokeya in Bangladesh. Her name became Roquiah Sakhawat Hossain after her marriage and in literary circles, she was known as Mrs RS Hossain.  

➡️ Concept of Andarmahel - The universe of women: 

In great history of kingdoms introduce us with the concept of Andarmahel. Andarmahel is place which is purposely made and designed for queens and the females which are part of king or Rular's family. Infact we can see the concept of Andarmahel as an "universe of the women". In india we can still find the "Parda pratha" which is followed by religion and by some royal families. In ancient time there are some strict rule which was followed by society. womens have a no right to do the things whatever they wants.  

In Kingdom there is special arrangements for queens and females of king's family. Arrengement like school, kitchen, entertainment, garden and etc. which is required for living a life, it is designed in Andarmahel. whether she is a wife, mother, sister or daughter they all have to live their life in the huge Andarmahel. No males are allowed to visit Andarmahel, only the king can visit Andarmahel. Sultana's Dream can be the feminine view. Even somewhere womens were not allowed to get education. 

➡️ Observation of females and their connection with books (colonial education movements)

In the other chapter we found  the impact  of the colonial education movement. In the earlier time we found that women have no right to study, no rights to write a letter, no rights to vote, no right to come out and raise their voice! But with the concept of reading books and educating themselves make huge changes in the lifestyle of women. When men come to know that womens  are educating themselves and try to come out and break their home made rules! They started discussing women's behaviour in the books. 

Comparision of both narratives : 

In the narration of the both first we find that “Sultana’s Dream” and “Sultana’s Reality” the title itself make difference. One is talking about dreams which are connected to the utopian world and second is reality which is connected to the real world. Sultana’s Dream make feminist point of view front of readers but Afra make it reality baised. Using technology the reality puts so many other ideas about how the world is used to patriarchal points of view. 

An Artist Of The Floating World

Hello! I am Divya parmar. I am writing this blog to give response to the Thinking activity which is held by Dr. Dilip barad sir. In this blog i cover points like Introduction of the Novel and then introduction of writer and then i give answer as the response of thinking activity. 

➡️ Introduction of the work : An Artist of the Floating World

An Artist of the Floating World (1986) is a novel by British author Kazuo Ishiguro. It is set in post-World War II Japan and is narrated by Masuji Ono, an ageing painter, who looks back on his life and how he has lived it. He notices how his once great reputation has faltered since the war and how attitudes towards him and his paintings have changed. The chief conflict deals with Ono's need to accept responsibility for his past actions, rendered politically suspect in the context of post-War Japan. The novel ends with the narrator expressing good will for the young white-collar workers on the streets at lunchbreak. The novel also deals with the role of people in a rapidly changing political environment and with the assumption and denial of guilt. 

➡️ About the writer: 

Sir Kazuo Ishiguro is a British novelist, screenwriter, musician, and short-story writer. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan, and moved to Britain in 1960 with his parents when he was five. Ishiguro is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction authors writing in English. His first two novels, A Pale View of Hills and An Artist of the Floating World, were noted for their explorations of Japanese identity and their elegiac tone. He thereafter explored other genres, including science fiction and historical fiction. He has been nominated for the Man Booker Prize four times, winning the prize in 1989 for his novel The Remains of the Day, which was adapted into a film of the same name in 1993. 

➡️ Question - Answer section: 

1. 'Lanterns' appears 34 times in the novel , even on the cover page, the image of lanterns is displayed. what is the significance of lanterns in the novel ? 

👉 Answer: 'An Artist of the Floating World' is a novel by kazuo ishiguro. In this novel we find so many Japanese traditional, culture and rituals. In this novel lanterns appears 34 times. Lanterns. Although in use since ancient times, these outdoor features are lately becoming a new exterior decorating trend, in the countries of both Eastern and Western hemispheres. In Australia, more and more homeowners are including lanterns in the design of their gardens to achieve eye-captivating look and to make the outdoor living spaces more comfortable and enjoyable. This is especially true for Asian-inspired gardens, since  lanterns represent one of the main elements of Japanese tea gardens. In this novel we find lanterns in houses, parties, mid-night parties and at the celebration time. so in this novel it is displayed as a symbol of purity, positivity, and celebration. 

2. Write a brief review of the film based on the novel.

👉 Answer: When we read novel and then we watch movie we find that movie is very honest to the novel. cause all the narration techniques, camera directions, sounds, incident sequence, combination of dailogues, background and music all are make climate to relate novel and narration. Both are presented as first person narration. The first and last frame both are related and near to the novel. First frame is about the bridge of hesitation and in novel by words it is on bridge of hesitation. so symbolically it is connected to the novel. Novel it self became some time unrealiable narration that's why in movie we get problem somewhere to connect all the incidents. 

3. Debate on the uses of art / artist ( Five perspective: 

1. Art for the sake of art- aesthetic delight 

- At the starting of novel when masuji Ono do painting just for art sake there is art for sake of art. Tourtoise (As the character of novel) aslo done painting with very less speed cause he also do painting of art sake.

2. Art for the earning money / Buisness purpose : 

We can see the example of takeda firm which uses art for the money purpose and buisness purpose. They ultimate goal is not for quality of art, it is quantity of art.

3. Art for Nationalism / imperialism - art for the propoganda of government power

Under the influence of chisu matsuda , masuji uses his art for Nationalism and imperialism. But it is not the right way to use your art and creativity for this kind of nationalism and imperialism.

4. Art for the poor/ Marxism: 

When masuji Ono started to using his paintings for government and power he uses poor children as the character. But this is also inappropriately way to use of art.

5. No need of art and artist : 

In childhood masuji Ono , his father is against his paintings. Generally in world all parents are curious to make their child buisness or rich man but no one is instersted in artists. Cause the life of artist is very difficult also art can not make fast money. It needs a passion. But the thinking of masuji's father is like, live a life with the goal of make money. So there is no need of art and artist in this entire world.

 

1984 by George Orwell

 

Hello! I am divya parmar And i am writting this blog to complete classroom task which is held by Dilip barad sir. In this blog i discuss about the the work,About the writer and then i cover the question answer section. 

Waiting For Godot

Hello! I am Divya parmar and I am writting this blog to give response the thinking activity which is held by Dilip barad sir. In this blog first i give the introduction of work and writer and the genere of the work. And after that i discuss about the question and answer section which is the part of thinking  activity. 

👉 About the work "Waiting For Godot" : 

 

Long Day's Journey Into Night

 

Hello! I am divya parmar and i am writting this blog to give response to thinking activity which is held by Yesha ma'am. In this blog first i disuss about the work, " Long Day's Journey Into Night" by EUGENE O'NEIL. Then i discus about the author and then i cover the thinking activity task. 

👉About Eugene O'Neil : 

Born October 16th, 1888, in New York City. Son of James O’Neill, the popular romantic actor. First seven years of my life spent mostly in hotels and railroad trains, my mother accompanying my father on his tours of the United States, although she never was an actress, disliked the theatre, and held aloof from its people. From the age of seven to thirteen attended Catholic schools. Then four years at a non-sectarian preparatory school, followed by one year (1906-1907) at Princeton University.

After expulsion from Princeton I led a restless, wandering life for several years, working at various occupations. Was secretary of a small mail order house in New York for a while, then went on a gold prospecting expedition in the wilds of Spanish Honduras. Found no gold but contracted malarial fever. Returned to the United States and worked for a time as assistant manager of a theatrical company on tour. After this, a period in which I went to sea, and also worked in Buenos Aires for the Westinghouse Electrical Co., Swift Packing Co., and Singer Sewing Machine Co. Never held a job long. Was either fired quickly or left quickly. Finished my experience as a sailor as able-bodied seaman on the American Line of transatlantic liners. After this, was an actor in vaudeville for a short time, and reporter on a small town newspaper. At the end of 1912 my health broke down and I spent six months in a tuberculosis sanatorium.

Began to write plays in the Fall of 1913. Wrote the one-act Bound East for Cardiff in the Spring of 1914. This is the only one of the plays written in this period which has any merit. In the Fall of 1914, I entered Harvard University to attend the course in dramatic technique given by Professor George Baker. I left after one year and did not complete the course.

The Fall of 1916 marked the first production of a play of mine in New York – Bound East for Cardiff – which was on the opening bill of the Provincetown Players. In the next few years this theatre put on nearly all of my short plays, but it was not until 1920 that a long play Beyond the Horizon was produced in New York. It was given on Broadway by a commercial management – but, at first, only as a special matinee attraction with four afternoon performances a week. However, some of the critics praised the play and it was soon given a theatre for a regular run, and later on in the year was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. I received this prize again in 1922 for Anna Christie and for the third time in 1928 for Strange Interlude.

The following is a list of all my published and produced plays which are worth mentioning, with the year in which they were written: Bound East for Cardiff (1914), Before Breakfast (1916), The Long Voyage Home (1917), In the Zone (1917), The Moon of the Carabbees (1917), Ile (1917), The Rope (1918), Beyond the Horizon (1918), The Dreamy Kid (1918), Where the Cross is Made (1918), The Straw (1919), Gold (1920), Anna Christie (1920), The Emperor Jones (1920), Different (1920), The First Man (1921), The Fountain (1921-22), The Hairy Ape (1921), Welded (1922), All God’s Chillun Got Wings (1923), Desire Under the Elms (1924), Marco Millions (1923-25), The Great God Brown (1925), Lazarus Laughed (1926), Strange Interlude (1926-27), Dynamo (1928), Mourning Becomes Electra (1929-31) , Ah, Wilderness (1932), Days Without End (1932-33).

👉 About the work : "Long day's journey into night" 

Long Day's Journey into Night is a play in four acts written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1939–41, first published posthumously in 1956. The play is widely considered to be his magnum opus and one of the finest American plays of the 20th century. It premiered in Sweden in February 1956 and then opened on Broadway in November 1956, winning the Tony Award for Best Play. O'Neill posthumously received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for Long Day's Journey into Night. The work concerns the Tyrone family, consisting of parents James and Mary and their sons Edmund and Jamie. The "Long Day" refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day. The play is autobiographical. 

👉 Long day's journey into night: Theme of of addiction 

In Long Day's Journey Into Night, the Tyrone family's past and present have been so dire that normal coping mechanisms (family love, togetherness, etc.) can't keep up. So what do they turn to for relief? Alcohol and drugs. These forms of retreat might numb the pain, but they also bring their own problems – Mary's constant zoning out and Jamie's inability to hold down a job, to name two examples. There's also a vicious cycle involved in all of this: Mary takes drugs and the Tyrone men drink to escape, but they also feel bad about doing so, leading them to snipe at one another even more maliciously. 

Transcendentalism

 

⭐What is Transcendentalism? 

Transcendentalism is an American literary, philosophical, religious, and political movement of the early nineteenth century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson. Other important transcendentalists were Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Lydia Maria Child, Amos Bronson Alcott, Frederic Henry Hedge, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, and Theodore Parker. Stimulated by English and German Romanticism, the Biblical criticism of Herder and Schleiermacher, and the skepticism of Hume, the transcendentalists operated with the sense that a new era was at hand. They were critics of their contemporary society for its unthinking conformity, and urged that each person find, in Emerson’s words, “an original relation to the universe”. Emerson and Thoreau sought this relation in solitude amidst nature, and in their writing. By the 1840s they, along with other transcendentalists, were engaged in the social experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden; and, by the 1850s in an increasingly urgent critique of American slavery. To read more click here 

⭐ Question-Answer section : 

1. Transcendentalist talks about individual's relation with nature. What is nature for you? Share your views. 

answer: 

In theory of transcendentalism we find three most important charactristics which are 1, Individualism 2, Idealism 3,Divinity of nature. Transcendentalist championed the idea of individualism and believed in the idea of self-reliance. They thought that individual entity is the spiritual center of the universe where the prime importance of individual presence on society is established to make progression and development. They critique the society and political aspects which destroy human mind and corrupt their souls. Hence, they believed in the independent of every individual and one should listen to their own mind and soul. The idea of individual's relation with nature is somewhere connected with the idea of romanticism. In romanticism there is all about return to nature and in this theory of Transcendentalism seems like to find peace in the nature. According to my point of view nature always make person happy. Nature gives us freedom to think in peace and nature keep person far from polution, population and cause of that person feel so free to think. In this busy world people faces so many problrms in their life and to spent time in nature make us free to those problems for some time.

2. Transcendentalism is an American philosophy that influenced american literature At length. can you find any indian/Rigional Literature or philosophy came up with such similar thought? 

Answer: 

Every country or field have a diffrent culture. And every culture have their diffrent rituals and rules. Also they have a diffrent theory, Philosophy and literature. Literature always became mirror of the society. In transcendentalism we can see that American influence. As we in theory of transcendentalism talked about purity of human mind, morals and truthness in behaviour is already there in human beings by born. We have philosophy of  अहं ब्रह्मास्मि which is as same like Transcendentalism . Let's see the video to understand properly indian philosophy. 

so this is my answer to the thinking activity.