Wide Sargasso Sea

Hello readers! I am Divya Parmar and I warmly welcome you all to read my blog. This blog is a response to the thinking activity which is given by yesha ma'am. In this blog first I will discuss about The "Wide Sargasso Sea" and after that a short introduction about writer. Among the four points, I have chosen the first topic 'Postcolonialism: Postcolonialism: Postcolonial response to Jane Eyre. Hope this blog will help you to read Postcolonial responses. 

"Wide Sargasso Sea" 

Wide Sargasso Sea, novel by Jean Rhys, published in 1966. A well-received work of fiction, it takes its theme and main character from the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. The book details the life of Antoinette Mason (known in Jane Eyre as Bertha), a West Indian who marries an unnamed man in Jamaica and returns with him to his home in England. Locked in a loveless marriage and settled in an inhospitable climate, Antoinette goes mad and is frequently violent. Her husband confines her to the attic of his house at Thornfield. Only he and Grace Poole, the attendant he has hired to care for her, know of Antoinette’s existence. The reader gradually learns that Antoinette’s unnamed husband is Mr. Rochester, later to become the beloved of Jane Eyre. 

  

Much of the action of the novel takes place in the West Indies. The first and third sections are narrated by Antoinette, the middle section by her husband. 

Jean Rhys :

Jean Rhys, original name Ella Gwendolen Rees Williams, (born August 24, 1890, Roseau, Dominica, Windward Islands, West Indies—died May 14, 1979, Exeter, Devon, England), West Indian novelist who earned acclaim for her early works set in the bohemian world of Europe in the 1920s and ’30s but who stopped writing for nearly three decades, until she wrote a successful novel set in the West Indies. 

The daughter of a Welsh doctor and a Creole mother, Rhys lived and was educated in Dominica until she went to London at the age of 16 and worked as an actress before moving to Paris. There she was encouraged to write by the English novelist Ford Madox Ford. Her first book, a collection of short stories, The Left Bank (1927), was followed by such novels as Postures (1928), After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie (1931), Voyage in the Dark (1934), and Good Morning, Midnight (1939). 

After moving to Cornwall she wrote nothing until her remarkably successful Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), a novel that reconstructed the earlier life of the fictional character Antoinette Cosway, who was Mr. Rochester’s mad first wife in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre. Tigers Are Better-Looking, with a Selection from the Left Bank (1968) and Sleep It Off Lady (1976), both short-story collections, followed. Smile Please, an unfinished autobiography, was published in 1979. 

What is postcolonialism? 

postcolonialism, the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism; the term can also be used to describe the concurrent project to reclaim and rethink the history and agency of people subordinated under various forms of imperialism. 

Postcolonialism signals a possible future of overcoming colonialism, yet new forms of domination or subordination can come in the wake of such changes, including new forms of global empire. Postcolonialism should not be confused with the claim that the world we live in now is actually devoid of colonialism. 

Postcolonial theorists and historians have been concerned with investigating the various trajectories of modernity as understood and experienced from a range of philosophical, cultural, and historical perspectives.

 They have been particularly concerned with engaging with the ambiguous legacy of the Enlightenment—as expressed in social, political, economic, scientific, legal, and cultural thought—beyond Europe itself. The legacy is ambiguous, according to postcolonial theorists, because the age of Enlightenment was also an age of empire, and the connection between those two historical epochs is more than incidental. 

 Postcolonialism: postcolonial response to Jane Eyre

Wide Sargasso Sea is one of the best-known literary postcolonial replies to the writing of Charlotte Bronte and a brilliant deconstruction of what is known as the author’s “worlding” in Jane Eyre . The novel written by Jean Rhys tells the story of Jane Eyre’s protagonist, Edward Rochester. The plot takes place in the West Indies where Rochester met his first wife, Bertha Antoinette Mason. Wide Sargasso Sea influences the common reading and understanding of the matrix novel, as it rewrites crucial parts of Jane Eyre. 

The heroine in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea , Antoinette Cosway, is created out of demonic and bestialic Bertha Mason from Jane Eyre. Rhys's great achievement in her re-writing of Bronte's text is her creation of a double to the madwoman from Jane Eyre . 

The heroine of Wide Sargasso Sea, the beautiful Antoinette Cosway, heiress of the post-emancipation fortune is created out of the demons and bestialic Bertha Mason. The author transforms the first Mrs Rochester into an individual figure whose madness is caused by imperialistic and patriarchal oppression. The vision of Bertha/Antoinette as an insane offspring from a family plagued by madness is no longer plausible to the reader. 

Although Bertha Mason and Jane Eyre seem to be enemies and contradictory characters in the Victorian novel, many critics find several similarities between the two heroines, their life and finally between Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea . Seeing Jane Eyre and Antoinette Cosway as sisters and doubles is very popular with some critics who dealt with the works of Charlotte Bronte and Jean Rhys. Nevertheless. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her essay “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism” also appreciates Jean Rhys for telling the story of Bertha Mason through the Creole perspective, but she criticises the author for marginalising the native inhabitants of West Indies.

Final Solution by Mahesh Dattani

 Hello! I am Divya Parmar. This blog is a response to the thinking activity which is given by vaidehi ma’am. In this blog first i write about the original work and about the writer. Then we read the response of the pre view task. 

Mahesh Dattani writes about the society and surroundings in which he lives. His creativity is a faithful and authentic expression of first hand experience and knowledge of the socio-cultural environment. He holds a mirror to make reality visible to the audience. The play Final Solutions critically intervenes in the post independence era which has a communally vitiated socio-political scenario. The main character, Dakhsa also known as Hardika in the play fuses past and present. The theme of communal tension is given historical depth through flashbacks featuring Hardika at the age of fifteen in 1948 and her experience in the aftermath of the partition returns to her memory at different points of the play. The play explores the theme of communalism. 

The play took Dattani over a year to research and Dattani consulted books such as Freedom at Midnight (1975) by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapiers and Lankesh Patrike, a Kannada weekly magazine. He also conducted a number of interviews with survivors of communal riots in Gujarat and Karnataka. One of the riots that Dattani researched that particularly caught his attention was the 1985 Rath Yatra riot in Ahmedabad. This would have become his inspiration for the riot that brings Javed and Bobby to the Gandhi family in Final Solutions. 

In Final Solutions Dattani expresses his humanistic concerns. He deals with the theme of communalism. In this play Dattani applies religious consciousness and prejudices towards different religions. He presents communalist attitudes and stereotypes prevalent in the society which influence to have a sensibility of hatred of one community against another. Through the method of reflection of contemporary socio-political issues in the play Dattani tries to explain that if discursive boundaries are ignored in the effort to understand the complexity of communalism, solutions might not be really so far away. 

About mahesh dattani 

Mahesh Dattani is considered as one of the best Indian playwrights and he writes his pieces in English. He is an actor, playwright and director. Mahesh Dattani was born on the 7th of August in 1958 in Bangalore, Karnataka. He was educated at Baldwin’s Boys High School and then went on to graduate from St.Joseph’s College, Bangalore. After graduation, he worked for a brief period as a copywriter for an advertising firm. In 1986, he wrote his first play, ‘Where There is a Will’. 

After his first play, Mahesh Dattani began to concentrate on his writing and wrote more dramas like Final Solutions, Night Queen, Dance Like a Man, Tara, and Thirty Days. From 1995, he started working exclusively in theatre. All his plays address social issues, not the very obvious ones, but the deep-seated prejudices and problems that the society is usually conditioned to turn away from. His plays deal with gender identity, gender discrimination, and communal tensions. The play ‘Tara’ deals with gender discrimination, ‘30 Days in September’ tackles the issue of child abuse head on, and ‘Final Solutions’ is about the lingering echoes of the partition. 

It was Alyque Padamsee who first spotted and encouraged Mahesh Dattani’s talent and gave him the confidence to venture into a career in theatre. Dattani formed his own theatre group, Playpen, in 1984. He is the only English playwright to be awarded the Sahitya Academy Award. He got this award in 1998. He also writes plays for BBC Radio and he was also one of the 21 playwrights chosen by BBC to write plays to commemorate Chaucer’s 600th anniversary in 2000.

Question 1 :What is the significance of the subtitle  “The final solutions”

Answer 2 :  For the understanding of the significance of the title  “The final solutions” we have to read the outline of the work. 

The play Final Solutions, written by Mahesh K. Dattani discusses the theme of communal riots, hatred and bitterness of Hindus and Muslims against each other. The plot is set in Gujarat (after the 2002 Riots). The communal hatred is at peak. It can be seen when we find Hindu mob chasing Javed and Bobby after knowing that they are Muslims. Next, we also come to know other complex stories like the love affair of Smita (who is a Hindu) and Bobby, Javed’s story of adopting extremist ways, Ramanik’s grabbing of Javed’s land (after burning his shop) etc.

We find that Ramanik blames Javed and his community and vice versa. But deep inside, Ramanik’s conscience does not allow him to live in peace because of the sin which he committed in the past. There is another issue which is discussed in the play. It is the orthodoxy which is inherited among the believers of every religion. They consider people from other communities as untouchables. Aruna’s denying Bobby and Javed from spending night at their home depicts this.

So, throughout the play, we find ample problems and the playwright has not given any solution. Instead, he has let the audience decide. Hence, the final solutions are, in reality, no solutions to these communal problems. We people need to know what makes us hate others.

Question 2 : The movie comes up with many different symbols and colours. Write about any two symbols which caught your attention. What does it signify? 

Answer 2 : There are two colours which are used to symbolise so many things. First one is saffron colour and the second one is green. As we know this both colours are used to symbolise the religion. Saffron or orange is use to symbolise the hindu religion and green colour is use to symbolise the muslim or islamic religion. This both colour and its symbol make the story more expressive. 

Question 3 : Is Ramnik a liberal thinker? If yes then why? If not then why ? 

Answer 3 : In Final Solutions by Mahesh Dattani, Ramanik is a secular minded person who believes in communal harmony among different communities. In past his father and grandfather had burnt the shop of a muslim family and began their own business on that place.

Ramanik tries to compensate for the blunders done by his forefather. When Babban and Javed enter his house, he tries to protect them from Hindu Mob. He is abused by the people of his community for giving shelter to Muslims. Even stones are thrown at his house. However he does not let them do any harm to Babban and Javed. Javed remains quite harsh to Ramanik and even scolds him for what his community is doing. However, Ramanik remains calm and quiet and even offers him a job in his shop. The sense of guilt does not vanish away from his mind and ultimately in the end he hates his shop and drops the idea of visiting it again.

Question 4 :  Does education make any difference ? comment with the reference to the women characters. 

 

Derrida and Deconstruction

Hello readers! I am divya parmar. I am writting this blog to complete task which is given by dilip barad sir. This blog is part of flipped learning. To read more about task click hear

➡️ Who is Jacques Derrida?

Jacques Derrida (1930–2004) was the founder of “deconstruction,” a way of criticizing not only both literary and philosophical texts but also political institutions. Although Derrida at times expressed regret concerning the fate of the word “deconstruction,” its popularity indicates the wide-ranging influence of his thought, in philosophy, in literary criticism and theory, in art and, in particular, architectural theory, and in political theory. Indeed, Derrida’s fame nearly reached the status of a media star, with hundreds of people filling auditoriums to hear him speak, with films and televisions programs devoted to him, with countless books and articles devoted to his thinking. Beside critique, Derridean deconstruction consists in an attempt to re-conceive the difference that divides self-consciousness (the difference of the “of” in consciousness of oneself). But even more than the re-conception of difference, and perhaps more importantly, deconstruction attempts to render justice. Indeed, deconstruction is relentless in this pursuit since justice is impossible to achieve.

➡️ What is deconstruction?

Deconstruction by its very nature defies institutionalization in an authoritative definition. The concept was first outlined by Derrida in Of Grammatology where he explored the interplay between language and the construction of meaning. From this early work, and later works in which he has attempted to explain deconstruction to others, most notably the Letter to a Japanese Friend, it is possible to provide a basic explanation of what deconstruction is commonly understood to mean. 

Three key features emerge from Derrida’s work as making deconstruction possible. These are, first, the inherent desire to have a center, or focal point, to structure understanding (logocentrism); second, the reduction of meaning to set definitions that are committed to writing (nothing beyond the text); and, finally, how the reduction of meaning to writing captures opposition within that concept itself (différance). 

These three features found the possibility of deconstruction as an on-going process of questioning the accepted basis of meaning. While the concept initially arose in the context of language, it is equally applicable to the study of law. Derrida considered deconstruction to be a ‘problematization of the foundation of law, morality and politics.’ For him it was both ‘foreseeable and desirable that studies of deconstructive style should culminate in the problematic of law and justice.’

Deconstruction is therefore a means of interrogating the relationship between the two.

Now let's read about videos

➡️Video : 1

This first video covers three points:

1. Why is it difficult to define deconstruction?

2. Is deconstruction a nagative term ?

3. How does deconstruction happen on its own?

  

The term deconstruction was introduced by derrida and he refuses to define it. All other terms which we use in philosophy or  literary criticism for that matter even deconstruction can not be once and for all finally defined. Derrida is very hard to read, that's why the deconstuction term or idea is defined.  Deconstruction is not a negative term because derrida says that,

it is not a destructive activity.

It’s not something breaking down for the sake of deconstruction. He is inquiring into the foundations and is also inquiring into the condition of why something cannot be defined or a system cannot be finally closed off so he says that the deconstruction is not a destructive activity but an inquiry into the foundation’s causes of intellectual systems.

➡️ Video : 2  

1. The influence of Heidegger on Derrida 

2.  Derridian rethinking on the foundation of wester

In this video the points taken from the seeds of  Deconstruction sprouted from Martin  Heidegger (1889-1976). Heidegger with Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzche three important thinkers which derrida  acknowledges in his very famous essay “ structure, sign and play” in discourse of the human sciences. The ideas by these philosophers are in many ways continued by derrida. Heidegger and his philosophy deals with some very important themes which derrida continues in his own philosophy. The term ‘destruction’ in German translated as ‘deconstruction’ in French - is one of the many direct connections between Heidgger & Derrida. Heidegger wanted to destroy or dismantle the entire tradition of western philosophy by pursuing the question of being of beings. His famous book ‘Being and Time’ he says that he has taken the project of transforming the way westerners think. Heidegger says that it is language which speaks not man! Meaning is product of language. Man is  decentered from the language. Language displaces man from the center of philosophy so this was again continued by derrida.

➡️ Video : 3

1. How Derrida deconstructs the idea of arbitrariness? 

2. Metaphysics of presence 

The relationship between a word and its meaning is not natural but it's a conventional one! What connects a word with its meaning is the convention and the convention is always social. Derrida deconstructed this idea further by saying that “ the meaning of the word is nothing but the other word” Metaphysics of presence is a term that is taken from Heidegger. He points out that when we consider being of something often connects with its presence. This bias is one of the things which Heidegger is questioning. The presence is the present tense or proof of its existence which is in the language. Western philosophy is built on the differences, binary oppositions just like human language. There is no positive element in language, but only negative one!

“Presence of something can only be understood as absence of something else” when we see examples of good vs evil - Binary opposition: then evil is which lacks goodness and what is good is something which lacks evil. Here lack of something can be seen as inferior. 

➡️ Video: 4 

The relationship between a word and its meaning is not natural but it's a conventional one! What connects a word with its meaning is the convention and the convention is always social. Derrida deconstructed this idea further by saying that “ the meaning of the word is nothing but the other word” Metaphysics of presence is a term that is taken from Heidegger. He points out that when we consider being of something often connects with its presence. This bias is one of the things which Heidegger is questioning. The presence is the present tense or proof of its existence  which is in the  language. Western philosophy is built on the differences, binary oppositions just like human language. There is no positive element in language, but only negative one! 

“Presence of something can only be understood as absence of something else” when we see examples of good vs evil - Binary opposition: then evil is which lacks goodness and what is good is something which lacks evil. Here lack of something can be seen as inferior. 

1.Derridean concept of “DifferAnce” 

2. Infinite play of meaning 

3. diffreAnce = to differ & to defer the meaning 

DifferAnce does not have audible differences, thus it becomes difficult to understand. One word leads to another word and that word leads to yet another….and finally we never come out of the dictionary. There is no final meaning of any word. Saussurean sign is equal to signifier which signifies something ; but derridean sign is free play of signifiers, signifying nothing. 

➡️Video: 5 

structure , sign & play in the discourse of the human sciences 

“Language bears within itself the necessity of its own critique,” 

The essay ‘structure, sign & play’ is one of the most important documents of contemporary literary theory as it inaugurates what is known as post structuralism. Structuralism began as a criticism or attack on metaphysics on one hand and science on another science was the predominant way of getting knowledge. Structuralism began as a critique of the assumptions of the science as well as metaphysics. The center is, within the structure and outside it….the totality ‘has its center elsewhere.’ the center is not the center. Derrida pushes the destabilized notion of the center to the point of a ‘rupture’ in the history of thought on structurality. 

➡️Video: 6

The yale school - the hub of the practitioners of deconstruction in the literary theories 

The characteristics of the yale school of deconstruction 

During the 1970s, the Yale school has been the hub of the practitioners of deconstruction in literary theories. The four names 1. Paul de man (1919-1983) 

             2. J. Hillis Miller (1928)

             3.  Harold bloom (1930) 

             4. Geoffrey hartman (1929) 

These four people made deconstruction very popular. People consider them as a yale hermeneutic mafia. All four are different in their occupation and preoccupation with literary criticism but for the first time deconstruction became a school of literary criticism. Yale school is responsible for bringing deconstruction in literary criticism. They firstly look at literature as rhetorical or figurative construct. They showed that literature can create multiplicity of meaning by focusing on various figures of speech. 

Secondly, they question both the aesthetic as well as formalist approach to literature; and also question the historicist or sociologist the historicist or sociologist approach literature. 

➡️ Video : 7

How other critical school like new historicism, cultural materialism, feminism, marxism & postcolonial throries used deconstruction

Yale school was primarily preoccupied with rhetorical and figurative analysis of literary text and demonstrating that literary text has a multiple range of meanings. Postcolonial theories : fascinated by its ability to show that the texts or the discourse of the colonizers can be deconstructed from within the narratives. Feminist theories : interested because it deals with how to  subvert the binary between male and female - to subvert patriarchal discourse. 

word count : 4773 words 

 

  

Teacher's day

Ode on a Grecian Urn by John keats!

Welcome to my blog.....

We are celebrating Teacher's day with different way! With the use of Digital tools! After watching the video you will be able to appear in quiz. After submitted quiz you get certificate also! 

Cultural Studies

Hello! I am divya parmar. I am writing this blog to complete task which is given by dilip sir 

Sultana's Reality

 Hello ! I am divya parmar. This blog is the answer of the several question which is given by yesha ma'am to complete the class activity. So lets look upon the brief introduction of sultana's reality.

Sultana's Dream was originally published in The Indian Ladies' Magazine, Madras, 1905, in English. This edition is transcribed from Sultana's dream; and Padmarag: two feminist utopias by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain; translated with an introduction by Barnita Bagchi. New Delhi (India) : Penguin, 2005.  

Who is begam Rokeya sakhawat Hossain?

Date of Birth: 1880

Date of Death: 1932

Hossain, Roquiah Sakhawat litterateur, educationist, and social reformer, who played a pioneering role in awakening Muslim women, was born on 9 December 1880 into a landed family of Pairaband in rangpur. Zahiruddin Abu Ali Haider Saber was her father and Rahatunnesa Chowdhury, her mother. Her ancestors served in military and judiciary departments during the Mughal regime. Named Roquiah Khatun, she is commonly known as Begum Rokeya in Bangladesh. Her name became Roquiah Sakhawat Hossain after her marriage and in literary circles, she was known as Mrs RS Hossain.  

➡️ Concept of Andarmahel - The universe of women: 

In great history of kingdoms introduce us with the concept of Andarmahel. Andarmahel is place which is purposely made and designed for queens and the females which are part of king or Rular's family. Infact we can see the concept of Andarmahel as an "universe of the women". In india we can still find the "Parda pratha" which is followed by religion and by some royal families. In ancient time there are some strict rule which was followed by society. womens have a no right to do the things whatever they wants.  

In Kingdom there is special arrangements for queens and females of king's family. Arrengement like school, kitchen, entertainment, garden and etc. which is required for living a life, it is designed in Andarmahel. whether she is a wife, mother, sister or daughter they all have to live their life in the huge Andarmahel. No males are allowed to visit Andarmahel, only the king can visit Andarmahel. Sultana's Dream can be the feminine view. Even somewhere womens were not allowed to get education. 

➡️ Observation of females and their connection with books (colonial education movements)

In the other chapter we found  the impact  of the colonial education movement. In the earlier time we found that women have no right to study, no rights to write a letter, no rights to vote, no right to come out and raise their voice! But with the concept of reading books and educating themselves make huge changes in the lifestyle of women. When men come to know that womens  are educating themselves and try to come out and break their home made rules! They started discussing women's behaviour in the books. 

Comparision of both narratives : 

In the narration of the both first we find that “Sultana’s Dream” and “Sultana’s Reality” the title itself make difference. One is talking about dreams which are connected to the utopian world and second is reality which is connected to the real world. Sultana’s Dream make feminist point of view front of readers but Afra make it reality baised. Using technology the reality puts so many other ideas about how the world is used to patriarchal points of view. 

An Artist Of The Floating World

Hello! I am Divya parmar. I am writing this blog to give response to the Thinking activity which is held by Dr. Dilip barad sir. In this blog i cover points like Introduction of the Novel and then introduction of writer and then i give answer as the response of thinking activity. 

➡️ Introduction of the work : An Artist of the Floating World

An Artist of the Floating World (1986) is a novel by British author Kazuo Ishiguro. It is set in post-World War II Japan and is narrated by Masuji Ono, an ageing painter, who looks back on his life and how he has lived it. He notices how his once great reputation has faltered since the war and how attitudes towards him and his paintings have changed. The chief conflict deals with Ono's need to accept responsibility for his past actions, rendered politically suspect in the context of post-War Japan. The novel ends with the narrator expressing good will for the young white-collar workers on the streets at lunchbreak. The novel also deals with the role of people in a rapidly changing political environment and with the assumption and denial of guilt. 

➡️ About the writer: 

Sir Kazuo Ishiguro is a British novelist, screenwriter, musician, and short-story writer. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan, and moved to Britain in 1960 with his parents when he was five. Ishiguro is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction authors writing in English. His first two novels, A Pale View of Hills and An Artist of the Floating World, were noted for their explorations of Japanese identity and their elegiac tone. He thereafter explored other genres, including science fiction and historical fiction. He has been nominated for the Man Booker Prize four times, winning the prize in 1989 for his novel The Remains of the Day, which was adapted into a film of the same name in 1993. 

➡️ Question - Answer section: 

1. 'Lanterns' appears 34 times in the novel , even on the cover page, the image of lanterns is displayed. what is the significance of lanterns in the novel ? 

👉 Answer: 'An Artist of the Floating World' is a novel by kazuo ishiguro. In this novel we find so many Japanese traditional, culture and rituals. In this novel lanterns appears 34 times. Lanterns. Although in use since ancient times, these outdoor features are lately becoming a new exterior decorating trend, in the countries of both Eastern and Western hemispheres. In Australia, more and more homeowners are including lanterns in the design of their gardens to achieve eye-captivating look and to make the outdoor living spaces more comfortable and enjoyable. This is especially true for Asian-inspired gardens, since  lanterns represent one of the main elements of Japanese tea gardens. In this novel we find lanterns in houses, parties, mid-night parties and at the celebration time. so in this novel it is displayed as a symbol of purity, positivity, and celebration. 

2. Write a brief review of the film based on the novel.

👉 Answer: When we read novel and then we watch movie we find that movie is very honest to the novel. cause all the narration techniques, camera directions, sounds, incident sequence, combination of dailogues, background and music all are make climate to relate novel and narration. Both are presented as first person narration. The first and last frame both are related and near to the novel. First frame is about the bridge of hesitation and in novel by words it is on bridge of hesitation. so symbolically it is connected to the novel. Novel it self became some time unrealiable narration that's why in movie we get problem somewhere to connect all the incidents. 

3. Debate on the uses of art / artist ( Five perspective: 

1. Art for the sake of art- aesthetic delight 

- At the starting of novel when masuji Ono do painting just for art sake there is art for sake of art. Tourtoise (As the character of novel) aslo done painting with very less speed cause he also do painting of art sake.

2. Art for the earning money / Buisness purpose : 

We can see the example of takeda firm which uses art for the money purpose and buisness purpose. They ultimate goal is not for quality of art, it is quantity of art.

3. Art for Nationalism / imperialism - art for the propoganda of government power

Under the influence of chisu matsuda , masuji uses his art for Nationalism and imperialism. But it is not the right way to use your art and creativity for this kind of nationalism and imperialism.

4. Art for the poor/ Marxism: 

When masuji Ono started to using his paintings for government and power he uses poor children as the character. But this is also inappropriately way to use of art.

5. No need of art and artist : 

In childhood masuji Ono , his father is against his paintings. Generally in world all parents are curious to make their child buisness or rich man but no one is instersted in artists. Cause the life of artist is very difficult also art can not make fast money. It needs a passion. But the thinking of masuji's father is like, live a life with the goal of make money. So there is no need of art and artist in this entire world.